研究与发展

Application of Modern Technology in Transmission of Cantonese Opera in Hong Kong

As a local traditional art form in Hong Kong, Cantonese opera has been enlisted in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity, reflecting a critical and unique position representing Chinese and Guangdong culture. In recent years, transmission of Cantonese opera has been valued by various stakeholders since it may influence the sustainability of the genre. This project aims to enhance transmission of Cantonese opera with the adoption of modern technology in school and community settings. Two individual research projects will be implemented. First, we will evaluate a newly developed tablet application for accompanying Cantonese operatic singing with a multi-case study. Five school music teachers will be invited to trial on the application by involving their students to use it in learning accompaniment in classroom settings. Observation and interviews will be used to evaluate how the students learn. Second, the research team will validate and evaluate a newly develop Cantonese Opera Body Movement (COBM) gamified software for community learning environment and to investigate if learners may benefit from the software in a three-month trial. A COBM software has been newly developed, and six learners will be invited to practice 30
movements with the software, while two veterans of Cantonese opera will be invited to assess the same set of movements. An inter-judge reliability test will be used to test the reliability of the software. Afterwards, a total of 60 learners will be invited and categorized into control and experimental group for a quasi-experimental design. Pre-and post-tests will be implemented to seek if there are any possible changes after the treatment in both groups, and if there are any significant differences between and within groups. In addition, students’ learning motivation before and after the treatment will

also be measured.

Teaching Cantonese Opera in Schools: In-depth Case Studies in Hong Kong

Cantonese opera is recognized as one of the most representative inter-disciplinary arts in Hong Kong and has been included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List of Humanity. The transmission of Cantonese opera in education has been facing different challenges, including but not limited to audience building, audience education, teacher training and development and limited teaching and learning resources in this genre. Although Education Bureau has organized various workshops and courses regarding the training on teaching this genre, many music teachers may not be confident nor competent regarding teaching the genre and thus may influence the teaching practices and effectiveness.  

This study aims to understand how in-service music teachers who have received relevant training in Cantonese opera in dealing with teaching the genre, in the forms of class observations and in-depth interviews. The research team will observe the classes over the semester in each participating school and interview teachers for their feedback and reflection in terms of teaching and learning of the genre, which might provide insights for the future development in teaching the genre in primary and secondary schools. This study will provide insights of what problems Hong Kong music teachers would encounter when they teach Cantonese opera in music lessons, and how they would deal with the problems. In addition, good practices may be dug out for other teachers’ reference.

Survey of Audiences’ View on Cantonese Opera Performances in Hong Kong

Cantonese opera is very popular in Hong Kong and has been included in the UNESCO Intangible Cultural Heritage List of Humanity. For a long time, many international marketing scholars have conducted market surveys on the audience's motivation for participating in performing arts. However, there are few studies on the views of Hong Kong audiences on attending Cantonese opera performances. Understanding the audience’s motivation for watching performances will greatly increase the attendance of Cantonese opera performances, thereby helping to inherit the tradition of Cantonese opera.  

This research aims to investigate the motivations and incentives of Hong Kong audiences in attending Cantonese opera performances so as to improve the performance level and professional ethics of the industry in the short term, and promote the development of Cantonese opera.  

The research team will collect Hong Kong audiences’ opinions on Cantonese opera in the form of an online questionnaire. The data includes the gender, age, educational background, work status and monthly family income of the interviewee, as well as factors affecting audience attendance, including the availability of performance venues. Data such as personal factors, accessibility, repertoire content, performer factors, performance nature and perceived cost. The research team will apply statistical methods such as correlation analysis, regression analysis and multivariate analysis of variance to infer and interpret the possible relationships among various factors, providing insights for decision-makers and producers who promote the development of Cantonese opera, comprehensively expanding the audience, enhancing the artistic level, and benefiting Cantonese opera can reach both elegance and common appreciation.

粤剧生行身段电脑评估系统发展计划」与推出「粤曲拍和」iPad应用程式

「粤剧生行身段电脑评估系统」旨在通过记录 3D 生行身段动作，将各个动作以元宇宙模拟的方式重新呈现，同时藉游戏化软件评估系统，让用家通过模仿学习及练习粤剧身段动作，并获得即时回馈，以提升其锻练兴趣。系统更设有多种模式，将各个动作划分成不同的难度，以符合不同程度用家的需要。系统内收录的各个生行身段动作均由本地粤剧大师阮兆辉先生及新晋演员吴立熙先生亲身示范。他们分别穿上设有十九个感应器的动作撷取设备，配合光学动作捕捉软件，精确地把每个关节动作记录，并以数码 3D 模拟方式重新展现于系统，再配合不同动作节奏的锣鼓音乐。研究人员现正把专业粤剧演员的动作评分与系统内建的评分数据作比较及调整，以提高其准确性。

「粤曲拍和」iPad 应用程式由本中心开发，教大 「创新与科技基金」资助，并获知识产权署颁发香港专利。本程式旨在把传统的粤剧音乐与现代科技结合，以及为大中小学建立一个粤剧音乐的教学平台。用家可通过此程式把平板电脑变成粤曲拍和中常用的乐器，感受崭新的演奏和学习体验。早前本中心曾举行发布会，向公众介绍有关本应用程式的特点，同时邀请中小学教师分享使用感受和心得。

文化教育作为国民教育：
透过学习粤剧发展香港和广东地区学生的中国文化身份认同

自一九九七年香港回归中国以来，粤剧已被纳入香港特别行政区的学校音乐课程。粤剧亦被香港和中国政府视为文化教育政策中的重要一环，其中包括传统粤剧艺术的保育及在学校推广传统文化教育。

作为一种揉合了不同中国文化特色的表演艺术，粤剧非常适合作为促进建立中国文化认同的媒介，因此，本研究的目的为：一) 调查香港和广东省地区学校的粤剧教学现况，二) 研究香港和广东省地区教师的音乐喜好和教师培训等如何发展及增添课堂上粤剧教学元素；三) 探讨粤剧教育怎样帮助学生建立其中国文化身份认同。

此研究共分为两部份：第一部份将以问卷形式调查现时香港及广东地区中小学粤剧教育的情况；第二部份则会于香港及广东地区合共八间中小学进行个案研究。此研究旨在探讨中小学粤剧教育的现况和挑战，从而推动粤剧教育的持续发展。

香港粤剧的传承和可持续发展研究计划

此研究共分为四个子计划: 计划一的目的为探讨虚拟实境(Virtual Reality)对推动中学生欣赏粤剧的作用 。计划二的目的为验证电脑化自动评估与学习系统 (CKCALS) 对训练粤剧身段的效果和发展可行性。计划三的的目的为研究目前学校对粤曲演唱的教学方法，从而探讨新的教学方法在未来的发展和成效。计划四的目的为研究目前学校对粤曲拍和的教学方法，从而探讨其在未来的新发展和可行性。

粤剧创新本质：伶人、鉴赏家及初学者角度及互动

通过二零一四至一五年度优配研究金的资助，此研究计划将针对三个影响香港粤剧未来发展的关键问题进行研究：

1. 二十世纪杰出粤剧演员所展现出的创意; 
2. 演员与学生对粤剧创新概念等观点上的转变; 
3. 专业人士和观众如何对艺术创意重新评价。

粤剧创新本质：三十年代间香港伶人、鉴赏家及初学者的观点改变

此为一项申请优配研究金前的先导研究。我聘请了一位熟悉粤剧剧目和风格的研究助理为我整理，以及分析一些粤曲唱段与相关的文献。通过比较三个不同版本的粤曲唱段，可以发现到演员在演唱时所展现的不同创新元素与个人风格，从而展示出粤剧创意在中国传统文化风气下的表现。此发现亦证明部份二十世纪初的演员已经在其表演上展现出个人创意，为现代的艺术表演树立了良好的典范。

中学粤剧教学共同研究计划

此计划的目的为发展中学里的专业粤剧培训。由香港八和会馆提供专业粤剧演员和导师给予二十一名中学生为期两年的戏曲培训，从而探讨其对学生的影响及转变。

香港粤剧的传承与教学模式: 中国口头传统与西方学院派传统研究

此计划为二零一一至一二年度香港教育资助委员会优配研究金拨款资助研究之一。粤剧文化正面临失传的危机。传统的粤剧训练多为师徒制，以口传身授的形式将知识及技巧传承予下一代，然而，此模式在近年逐渐受到西方学院派训练的影响，演变为由不同范畴的专业人士在特定课程时限内为演员作出指导。本项研究共为期二十个月，以不同的研究方法划分为三个阶段: 第一个阶段分别访问了十位背景不同的演员，当中五位曾接受过师徒制培训，而其他五位则接受过学院式培训。研究员亦会到香港以及广东省的粤剧学院进行观课，访问学生和教师对其教学模式的意见。这些发现将有助于制定口头传统和西方学院传统的教学模式，并为下一阶段的研究提供理论框架。

中小学粤剧教学合作计划

此项为期三年的计划是由优质教育基金资助，目的为通过邀请粤剧演员到不同的学校与音乐教师共同授课，从而发展学校中的粤剧教育。此计划于三年间合共有六十所学校获邀参与，计划完成后亦会发布一系列的光碟以记录当中合作授课的内容及过程。

中小学粤剧教学试验计划

此计划邀请了专业粤剧演员与不同中小学校音乐教师合作授课，包括两间小学及两间中学，合共十四名中学教师及两名小学教师。一众老师在计划前先参与了四个教育工作坊，并在及后八星期与专业粤剧演员共同设计课程及授课。此计划的目的为探讨专业粤剧演员与学校老师在中小学粤剧教学上的合作关系。